选自:http://www.howtotex.com/tips-tricks/control-float-placement/
If you’ve ever written a report with a lot of (big) pictures in
it, you’ve probably also noticed that LaTeX sometimes places floats
(e.g. figures, tables) on other pages than intended. Adding options
like [h]
(i.e. “here”), [t]
(i.e. “top”)
or [htp]
to the float environment will mostly give you
enough control. but not always. This is because of the fact that by
default, LaTeX’s algorithms require that at least 20% of page is
filled with text. If you want to place a rather big picture along
with a table and some descriptive text, LaTeX will place the
information on two pages even if it would fit on one page. If the[p]
options is called in a float environment, floats
will be allowed to appear on pages without any text. However,
that’s mostly not wanted either. To gain more control over float
placement, a few commands have to be redefined.
To change the percentage of text to, for instance, 5%:
\renewcommand{\textfraction}{0.05}
When trying to place multiple floats directly underneath each other, LaTeX might also send the floats to different pages. To change this behavior, we have the following commands:
\renewcommand{\topfraction}{0.8} \renewcommand{\bottomfraction}{0.8}
Sometimes LaTeX puts a float on an empty page, even if it would nicely fit on another page. This is the case when you call the float on a page where it doesn’t fit. Half empty pages with just a picture or a table on it aren’t exactly eye candy. So, in order to tell LaTeX that a float must at least take 75% of a page in order to be placed on an empty one, we redefine:
\renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{0.75}
You should take into account that thefloatpagefraction
must always be less than thetopfraction
. Otherwise, LaTeX will postpone the
placement of a float until a \clearpage
command is
given.
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